Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been - Essay Example She defies her parents, lies, and talks down to her mother. She also sneaks around and flirts with older boys whom she may or may not know. Connie is aware of dressing, looking, and acting differently in places other than her own home, acknowledging the stark contrast of the two people she tends to be and making it known that there is a reason for the two to exist. However, as much as Connie gives off the appearance of being an adult, when Arnold Friend and Ellie come around, she is revealed to be the young, helpless child that she really is. The greatest secret that presents an obstacle to Connie’s path to adulthood is that Connie is not fully ready to enter adulthood. The way that she allows people to see her is all just a show. Connie, while having the same animosity towards her mother and sister that most teenagers have, has no desire to be an entity separate from her family. By becoming an adult, she loses the protection that comes with being a child (Keilbach 12). She ma y fight with her mother and be eager to be away from her, but one of the first things that Connie does upon Arnold Friend’s invasion is call out for her family members. Similarly, Connie may flaunt that she has sexual experience with males, but all that she really has is just the outward appearance of someone who has had this experience. She wants others to believe that she is an adult, yet she does not want to sacrifice the benefits of childhood.

A comparison of wine cultures between United Kingdom and Hong Kong Literature review

A comparison of wine cultures between United Kingdom and Hong Kong citizens - Literature review Example They further stated that the production of food and wine is a global phenomenon. Varriano (2011) added that wine had manifested its uniqueness in the culture and history of food and drink that first started in the ancient Greece and Rome civilizations. It is further essential to almost all forms of religion as they use this in their worship (Deutsch and Saks 2008). Today, the wine industry is rapidly growing along with the rise of the globalization (Anderson & Nelgen 2008). Indeed, wine has played a significant role in the lives of wine consumer’s way back in the past and up to the present. According to the work of Estreicher (2004), wine has played an essential role in the foundation of Western civilization. He further added that wine is a magical special ancient alcoholic beverage due to its associations with gods and religious and spiritual traditions. Sanchez (2008) further added that wine is considered by the ancient people such as the Greeks, Romans, Cretans and Egyptian as their daily commodities dated before Christ. These people are used to conducting grape brewing in their respective households. In the ancient history of the invention of distillation, wine is considered to be the best and most effective antiseptic. Furthermore, it is also considered as one of the most in-demand commodities for trade in the early Western civilization along with vine. Therefore, wine can be cited as a very significant in terms of religion, medicine, and trade (Estreicher 2004). Such notions and claims are further supported by the article of Squicciarini and Swinnen (2010) as the authors had revealed that, even back in the old times, wine has been used by the ancient people in several ways and within different purposes. For instance, in China, Chinese folks are using wines for spiritual purposes. This is also the same with the Indian people in which they used wines for

The Adventure of the Speckled Band Essay Example for Free

The Adventure of the Speckled Band Essay It is fear; it is terror that sent me to London today. I was so agitated my face is surely drawn and grey with restless, frightened eyes because I have been unable to sleep for many a week now. I explained my sickening worries to Mr Holmes. He seemed very kind, knowledgeable and understanding which comforted me immensely. As before I felt like a hunted animal without knowing my stalker.  I good few years ago a good a friend of mine Mrs Farintosh had Mr Holmes remedy a problem of hers. This is where I got the idea to go and find him in London. My stepfather, always a difficult man, has become increasingly erratic, making me nervous and on edge anyway. My concerns started two days ago when I had to sleep in my sisters room as repairs had started in mine. My darling sister died in this bed. How I could I be expected to feel. Shudders of racking fear coursed through my veins. Indeed I would rather sleep anywhere but here .Sleep was far away last night but my sluggish senses could not fail to hear a low whistle. I can be certain it must have been the same sound my bewildered sister heard the night she died. Instinctively I reached for my lamp but I swear to God there was nothing there. Sleep eluded me from then on but at first light I made my way to London, praying that Mr Holmes could help me. He made me tell my story as best I could. At first I found the telling easy as we talked of times long ago when Dr Roylett was married to my dear mother.  Discussing how he seemed to lose his mind after my mothers passing was not so easy, but the worst was putting in to words the last few hours of my sisters life. That night we girls sat talking in my room, mainly of her approaching wedding. As she turned to enter her room she asked me the strangest question Tell me Helen, have you ever heard someone whistling in the dead of night? We discussed this and I suggested that it must have been the gypsies in the plantation. As usual we locked ourselves into our bedrooms because of the nature of the Drs Pets. I will never, ever forget that night. I had a feeling of premonition; a vague feeling of impending misfortune which I can only presume was because my sister and I are twins, with such links that are well known. The wind was howling and splashing against the windows. Amid all the hubbub of the gale, there burst forth the wild scream of a terrified woman. I knew that it was my sisters voice. I ran to her room and caught her before she fell to the floor. She writhed as one in who is in terrible pain and her limbs were dreadfully convulsed. I shall forget her final words, It was the band! The speckled band! We tried to revive her with brandy, for my stepfather had now arrived but she slowly sank and died. There was nothing more to do.  I feel some relief from pressure now that I have shared this story with Mr Holmes. I pray that he will be able to solve the mystery of my darling sister death.

Attribution Theorists And Biased Judgements

Attribution Theorists And Biased Judgements Social psychologists have studied attribution theories for several decades, and their research has produced many interesting insights. The process of assigning a cause to ones own behaviour, or that of others can be defined as attribution (Hogg, 2005). Considering that attribution is complex, many theories have been constructed to demonstrate its performance. This essay will examine the evidence that biased laypersons judgements of others are inevitable by, first of all, focusing on explaining three classic theories of attribution, then paying particular attention to biases in attribution in order to fully answer the question under investigation. Attribution theory is concerned with how individuals make sense of their environment and how this affects their cognition and behavior (x). There exist three classic views on attribution that continue to be especially influential. The first of these classic theories is Fritz Heiders (1958) theory of naive psychology where the layperson is viewed as a naive scientist who links observable behaviour to unobservable causes. Also Heider made a significant distinction between internal (dispositional) and external (situational) attributions. It was also underlined that individuals look for causes of others behaviours in order to find out their motives and give some sense of control in their lives (Hewstone, 1990). Related to Heiders theory is Jones and Davis (1965) theory of correspondent inference which is concerned with how people use information about others behaviour and its effects in order to find out their underlying dispositions and personality traits. Of particular interest is beha viour that is freely chosen, produces non-common effects (effects produced by a particular cause that could not be produced by any other apparent cause), and is low in social desirability. The last and the best known theory of attribution is Kelleys (1967) covariation model where Kelley believes that people act like scientists when they try to discover the causes of behaviour. People are interested whether others behaviour stems from internal (motives, traits) or external (social, physical world) causes, or both of them at the same time. In order to answer this question, individuals focus on three types of information that can be defined as consistence, distinctiveness and consensus (Baron, Branscombe, Byrne, 2006). Heider (1958), Davis and Jones (1965) together with Kelley (1967) have acknowledged that attribution is subject to many potential sources of bias. It has been noted that a bias occurs if the social perceiver systematically distorts (overestimates or underestimates) a procedure that is known to be correct (Fiske and Taylor, 1984). People constantly use cognitive shortcuts that are called heuristics in order to make attributions. Apart from being not always objectively correct, biases in attribution are entirely satisfactory and adaptive characteristics of everyday social perception (Ross, 1977). In terms of studying how people interpret their social worlds, social psychologists have identified 3 general biases that often affect peoples attributions and explanations. One of the most important of these biases is the fundamental attribution error, that is the tendency to explain others actions as stemming from dispositional causes even when situational causes are at present. Social psychologists have conducted numerous studies to find out the reasons that determine the occurrence of these biases (Robins et al, 1996), though the issue is still to some extent uncertain. One possibility is that when people observe another persons behaviour, they tend to focus on his or her actions and the situational behaviour tends to fade away in the background. Another explanation is that people notice such situational causes but give them insufficient weight in their attributions. An experiment conducted by Amabile, Ross and Steinmetz (2000) illustrates fundamental attribution error. In this experiment they set up a quiz show design in which they randomly assigned participants to one of two roles. First was a questioner whose task it was to prepare difficult questions for a contestant, and second was a contestant whose task it was to answer the questions prepared by the questioner. An observer watched the quiz show and then estimated the questioners and the contestants general knowledge. They found that observers thought that the questioners were far more knowledgeable than the contestants. However, everyone was assigned to conditions randomly, so it was highly unlikely that one group was more clever than the other. The most interesting thing is that observers did know that participants were randomly assigned to their roles, yet they failed to consider the impact of that knowledge in making their judgement. Fundamental attribution error is not limited only to quiz shows, its implications are far more encompassing. For example, peoples common reaction to convicted criminals are that they are terrible human beings and that is why they committed a crime. However, there can be many factors other than personal characteristics that explain why a person commits a crime. These include lack of job opportunities, the lack of positive role models in the family and neighborhood, growing up in a dysfunctional family and many others (Aronson, 2003). In addition to this, Nisbett and Ross (1980) argued that the english language allows easy description of action and actor in the same terms but it gets more complicated when using the same terms in order to describe the situation. For example, it is possible to talk about honest and generous person or honest and generous action but not a honest and generous situation. This demonstrates that linguistic factors have an important role in making attributions. People are certainly unaware of this phenomena beca use this is the way they have been taught from childhood and is something that happens without conscious thought. An equally common bias in social judgement is the actor-observer effect, in other words, the self-other effect that is really an extension of the fundamental attribution error. The actor-observer effect refers to the tendency for people to attribute others behaviour to dispositional factors and their own behaviour to situational factors (Jones Nisbett, 1972). For example, in general, students tend to explain their poor performance in exams in terms of the difficulty of the test items whereas they tend to explain others poor performance in terms of their ability and personality. There exist several explanations for actor-observer effect. Firstly, according to Jones et al (1972), the informational factors are very important as the actors have access to a much wider range of information about the factors leading to their own actions. For example, behaviour that can be expressed in a party. Secondly, actors and observers have different perspectives. The actors attention is usually focus ed on the environment. On the other hand, the observers attention is usually focused on the actor and his or her behaviour rather than the background, which is why the observer may be unaware of why the actor behaved like this. Evidence for this explanation comes from Storms (1972) experiment where he had two subjects engaged in a conversation while two observers watched it, and were instructed to monitor the behaviours of one or the other actors. Results showed that the actors were more likely to explain their behaviour in terms of the situation and the observers in terms of personality dispositions. However, this was not the only thing they found. Storm (1972) also demonstrated that when the participants were shown a video tape of their conversation from the same angle as they saw it, actor-observer bias had occurred. On the contrary, when the video tape was shown from the reverse angle, the actors saw themselves from the observers point of view and tended to attribute their behav iour in terms of dispositional factors. This is a clear example of how biases are inevitable in everyday life. In order to avoid biases, one has to see others point of view but that is not an easy task to accomplish. One more bias can be identified in relation to attributions for success and failure. The self-serving bias refers to a tendency for people to attribute internally and take credit for their successes, the self-enhancing bias, or attribute externally and deny the responsibility for their failures, the self-protecting bias. For instance, gamblers perceive their successes as based on their skill and their failures as unlucky chances (Gilovich, 1983). Kingdom (1967) provided an example of self-serving bias from the political world. He interviewed American politicians five months after the general election and asked them to describe the factors that led to their victories or defeats. Results indicated that the politicians tended to attribute successes to internal factors such as hard work, personality and reputation. On the other hand, they tended to attribute their failures to external factors, for example, lack of money, the familiar name of their opponent and state trends. It is importa nt to understand the reasons why people engage in biases. Miller and Ross (1979) suggested that the self-enhancing bias could be explained in relation to the cognition model. People in general expect to succeed rather than fail and, therefore, are more likely to make self-attributions for expected than unexpected outcomes. For example, couples estimate their contribution to housework differently. Individuals are more likely to keep track of every job they do at home such as dusting or washing the dishes but when it comes to estimating the partners contribution, not all of their work is successfully remembered. This effect could be due to differential attention and memory (Aronson, 2003). However, the cognitive perspective alone cannot explain all the examples of self-serving biases. Another explanation for self-serving biases is that people are motivated to engage themselves in attributions in order to protect their self-esteem (Greenberg, 1982). It is evident from the experiments o f Weary (1999) that self-serving bias increases when the person is highly involved in that particular behaviour and when other people are watching. Self-serving bias occurs when an individuals self is threatened or when that individual has an opportunity to achieve and maintain a positive image of the self. To conclude, people do make judgements very quickly based on minimal information. As it has been demonstrated above, the reasons humans make biases seem varied and complex and different research reflects this (Storm, 1972; Ross et al, 1979; Kingdom, 1967; Amabile et al, 2000; Jones et al, 1972). Every day people try to justify themselves and their behaviour with the help of biases such as fundamental attribution error, actor-observer effect and self-serving bias. By using heuristics, individuals interpret and distort the meaning of their actions and the world around them, and make attributions that are very adaptive but not always correct. The situations people find themselves in, the cues they face and frustrations they may experience, also all appear to have the ability to inflame an aggressive response. Attribution is an important part of human existence and, although much has been achieved to aid the understanding of this behaviour, it is for now still reasonable to conclude that attribution is indeed an inevitable and inescapable part of our lives.

Jonathan Swifts Gullivers Travels - Attitudes and Perceptions of Societies :: Gullivers Travels Essays

Attitudes and Perceptions of Societies in Gulliver's Travels    By the end of Book II in Gulliver's Travels, it is very clear that the character of Gulliver is not the same man who wrote the letter in the beginning of the story.   In fact, he is not the same man he was in Book I.   From the onset of Gulliver's Travels, Swift creates for us a seemingly competent character and narrator in Gulliver.   In his account we learn how his adventures have changed him and his perception of people, for the central theme of this story is how human nature and reason reflect society. Throughout the novel, the character, Gulliver changes his attitudes and his perceptions of people because of the different attitudes and perceptions of the different societies of Lilliput and Brobdingnag.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the whole, Gulliver is a very frustrating character to deal with for a number of reasons.   For example, he's not steady; this unsteadiness as a narrator leads us to question the validity of what Gulliver tells us.   This means that we have to be on our guard against what he says, and even though he's our guide, we can't follow him everywhere, which is just what Swift wanted.   Gulliver makes many apologies for himself and his actions and puts us the reader emotionally involved in the story.   Gulliver seems to direct a good deal of hostility toward us, creating a tinge of hostility back at him.   Ultimately, Gulliver works as a narrator because we can relate to him and as a result find him engaging.   We too can jump from emotion to emotion, but in the long run, Swift is not attempting to create an Everyman.   This Gulliver is not, by any means a wholly allegorical character, but as much an individual as the next person.   In certain ways, Gul liver proves to be more resilient than the average man is by managing to survive the disastrous shipwrecks and people so foreign they might as well be aliens.   Still in other ways Gulliver is a naà ¯ve person, bereft of decency and consideration.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Gulliver is an entirely credible and probable person at the same time that he is precisely the person to be the instrument for Swift's satire.   In his incredible circumstances, Gulliver shows himself to be very resourceful and observant of his surroundings.   With that he changes in relation to the places he visits and the events that befall him as he voyages.

An Analysis of Judith Wrights Woman To Man Essay -- Judith Wright Wom

An Analysis of Woman To Man  Ã‚   The form of this text is a poem. The visual appearance of the text on the page indicates to us that it is a poem: it is positioned in the center of the page and it is made up of uniform sections, or stanzas. The form is more constrained than that of a novel, which runs freely across the page from left to right. The text also utilizes formal poetic features, such as: multiple stanzas containing equal numbers of lines; line breaks between stanzas; and a regular number of beats per line. The knowledge that Judith Wright is a well-known poet adds to the evidence that this is a poem. This text has more than one intended audience. The primary audience is Judith Wright's husband. It is a well-known fact (in literary circles) that Wright addressed this poem to her husband when she was pregnant with one of their children. The intimate nature of this exchange between Wright and her husband is evident in her use of personal pronouns: "†¦you and I have known it well"; "†¦your arm†¦"; "†¦my breast†¦". The second intended audience is every woman and every man, as an expression of something from every woman to every man. The title Woman To Man makes the poem universal, more than just a poem from Judith Wright to her husband. There are no names given to the woman and the man within the world of the poem. The experience of 'the Woman' becomes the experience of 'every woman'. The third audience for this text is the literati – the world of literature. Judith Wright is a well-known Australian poet; this poem has been published many times; this po em obviously did not stay between Wright and her husband. The poem displays the poet's highly technical and sophisticated control over language: this skill has been analyse... ...childbirth. The tone of "Woman To Man" is serious and moves from contentment to fear. To begin with, Wright calmly pours her emotions onto the page. She contemplates her unborn child, joyfully sharing her experience with her husband: "†¦yet you and I have known it well†¦". Her joy is shown in the beautiful images she uses to describe her child: "†¦the intricate and folded rose†¦". It is only in the final stanza that her joy and contentment turn to fear. She begins to imagine the intense pain of labour and she becomes frightened: "†¦the blaze of light along the blade / O hold me for I am afraid." The conclusion of the poem is dramatically appropriate. The shift in tone from peaceful contentment to fear is only natural, as the Woman (the poet) moves from the state of pregnancy, which she has known for nine months, into the early stages of labour, which frightens her.

Curry Powder Indusrty

INDUSTRY PROFILE India is a land of spices where many varieties are grown in the different regions of the country. The people of the country are fond of spicy food so the spices are the most important ingredient in any Indian dish. The nation is not just the big producer and consumer of spices but also a major player in international market, exporting the surplus and importing the deficit. Spices play an important role in enhancing the flavor and taste of the processed foods. They are also used in the medicines because of their carminative, simulative and digestive properties. India produces almost all the known spices and is the largest exporter of this commodity. Ground spices are extensively used in all types of curried dishes in India and abroad. Although spices are traded chiefly in an unprocessed form, a small yet significant quantity enters international trade as spice powders. Curry powder is the foremost of those blends or mixes and sometimes consists of 20 or more spices designed to add the characteristic flavor of an Indian curry, which is appreciated all over the world. Apart from the overseas market, processed curry powder is becoming popular in the domestic market also. Hence the demand for unadulterated spices and curry powder in attractive handy packaging is fast emerging. FOOD INDUSTRY IN INDIA In India, agricultural and dairy sector have achieved remarkable successes over the last three and half decades. Besides being one of the world’s largest producers of food grains. India ranks second in the world in the production of fruits and vegetables and first in milk production providing much needed foods security to the nation. India is one of the world’s major food producers but accounts for less than 1. 5%of international food trade. The value of the Indian food industry has increased from 3. 09 trillion in 1993-94 to Rs. 3. 99 trillion in 2000-01. The segment with largest growth potential have been identified as dairy, fruits and vegetables and poultry. Food marketing is a highly regulated industry. Regulation in food marketing attempted regulates competition and monopolistic condition facilitates trade, protect consumers and directly influence food price and faster economic and social progress. India produces variety of spice products. No country in the world produces as much kind of spices products as India producing. The Indian spices and curry powder market plays an important role in the daily life of Indians. Now, curry powder industries have a prominent role in food product industry in India INDIAN SPICES India is the largest producers of spices in the world as the weather is apparently suitable for the cultivation of spices. Spices are cultivating in 28 states and 7 territorial provinces in India. As of now, India is producing around 2. 5 million tones of various spices valued approximately 3 billion US$ and holding a premier position in the world. Moreover India is the major exporters of spices in the world under the auspicious of India government owned â€Å"Spices board of India†, which is the apex body for the export promotion of spices in India. This was established in 1987. The board plays a far reaching and influential role as a development, regulatory and promotional agency for Indian spices. In early days Indian people were stored the various kinds of spices such as chilly, turmeric, coriander and so on, for preparing the various dishes and gravies. These spices were separately and blending depends on the nature of dishes. Spices used to flavor with the help of indigenous tools at home by women, as that was the custom during that period. In course of time situations are changed, people are forced to use electronic devices in order to reduce their domestic job. In turns, they used readymade curry powders at their home. Gradually they have fallen in to a habit of using instant curry powders from the open market. Taken stock of this situations several firms were came forward to launch curry powder industries. That is why curry powder industries were emerging immensely all over the country. As of now curry powder industries have a prominent role in Food industry in India. CURRY POWDER The name Curry powder today is synonymous with the Indian food. The word curry is believed to be delivered from the South Indian Tamil World ‘Karhi’. During the British Raj in India, â€Å"curry† evolved as the world described Indian food cooked in this spices sauce. Over the years, the foreigners, especially British who leaved or visited India . Slowly started to introduce the curry to outside the world. The good commercial curry powder was hard to find during the early days. People had to make curry powder from scratch if they wanted quality. However, now many good curry powders are easily found in India as well as western super markets. Curry powder is blend or mixture of the different spices, which defers according to geographic regions or personal preference. CURRY POWDER INDUSTRY In the scenario, economy exhibits high line of consumerism. The curry powder industry has witnessed the entry of many companies in the Indian market by pumping huge amount of capital in order to capture the market share. However many domestic companies have emerged with various attraction products with a view to overcome the country wide companies and capturing a large number of customers. On our observation most of the companies are performing satisfactorily for a particular brand to move fast in the market it has to meet the 4 A’s. That is the market customers should be aware of it, should be an acceptable, available and affordable. Obviously, the manufactures should understand the need and wants of the customer and provides total satisfaction in order to succeed in the business world. Curry powder is a well known name among the Indian people. It is the combination of finely powdered spices. For each dish there are different curry powder spices. For each dish there are different curry powders but the ingredients are more or less the same. Now a day’s most of the housewives are using this ready-made curry powder and so the quantity required is increasing day by day. So this is an industry by which a new entrepreneur can start without second though. But the manufacturers should give attention for capturing the market. Now days not only the urban people but villages also have a craze for these ready-made curry powders. There is a good market for curry powder in India and abroad. The major players in the curry powder in India are; Eastern, Melam, Mangala, Saras, etc. As Kerala’s largest producer of condiments, â€Å"Eastern Condiments (P) Ltd† has helped to keep the famous spice route alive. With an experience of over 30 years in producing spices, they have provided their consumers with consistently high quality powders and blends â€Å"Melam† the word means a multiple of musical instruments in harmony creating a fast of exotic and exquisite music. M. V. J. Foods (India) (P) Ltd. Cochin brings out a variety curry powder and spice powder under the brand name Melam. The melam range is vast and includes a great variety of perception. â€Å"devon, THE SPICE of life† deven foods gives a wide range of aromatic spice powders and curry powders for all culinary needs. They use only best quality spices and process them in appropriate condition. â€Å"Sara spice† is the condiment producing unit of the Anna group. Company is involved in the production and exports of Indian spices. Like curry powder, Masala powder, Indian whole spices since the past two decades. CURRY POWDER MARKET Although Indian spices have been in the world market for several centuries, the curry powder business, particularly curry masala (blender, spices) has not been exploited by the Indian entrepreneurs to a significant extent. Export of this product has not registered any significant growth producers in un organized sector have dominated the domestic market, for curry powder and curry masala . Obviously the curry powder growth industries brand promotion continues to be significant till recently. However, few manufacturers from the organized sector have been promoting branded products in Kerala market recently. Competition has turned to be aggressive with the stagnation in the international market. Producing of curry powder and curry masala are involving in marketing strategies to ensure significant market shares although in specific segment DOMESTIC MARKET The India market for curry powder is estimated at Rs. 500 Cr. This is account for 25% of world consumption of curry powders. The curry powder market is estimated to be around Rs. 150Cr, with approximate 35% of market in south India. The curry powder market in Kerala is estimated at Rs 70 Cr. The market can be categorized in to 3 groups. * The premium segment The medium segment * Un organized sector In the previous segment the major brands in the market are Everest, Melam Saras and MDH . the study done by various authorities revels that moast popular Brand in the premium segment is Everest with 30% market share . Melam had 50% market share, while other brads had a negligible share in the premium segment. However, the premium makes up only 30% of the total market of curry powder in Kerala. The medium segment consist 50% of total curry powder market, Easter is the market leader in the segment. The unorganized segment consists of 20% of the total curry powder market. INTERNATIONAL MARKET Exports of spices from India usually take place in bulk form. The export of value added products are few, as none competitive prices cannot survive in the International market. Curry powder is value added spice product. the world consumption of curry powder is estimated to be 20000 metric tons in 2004, 2005. Exports of curry powder from Indian keep fluctuating between 2500 to 3500 metric tons . An analysis of annual exports of curry powders from India reveals that the exports do not show much variation . in total value terms the figures have been increasing over the years . In Indian curry powder industries, there was a few curry powder industries were existed of the beginning of which the following firms were the main producers. * MDH * EVEREST In Kerala the following a few companies were existed in producing curry powders in early stages viz. * Techno curry powder * Ambika curry powder * Rani curry powder The following are the some of the manufacturers and exporters of curry powders in India. * Asha impex (P) Ltd * Alvel sales * Amas spices * Anand Exportes * Anil grover &co * Aries Exports * B. M entrprices * Brahmins food products * C. B. R masala