Overcoming the Giant :: Art Arts Films Film Movies Essays

Overcoming the Giant "And he slung it and struck the Philistine in his forehead . . . and he fell on his face to the earth" (1 Samuel 17:49b). The Biblical account of David and Goliath is the most famous incident of the underdog defeating the giant. Since this event, history has seen giant after giant overcome by a seemingly insignificant underdog. Alexander the Great, before he was given his title, defeated a supposedly unconquerable Persian army, led by King Xerxes. In the 1960s, Joe Namath, quarterback of the New York Jets, predicted and delivered a shocking victory over the heavily favored Baltimore Colts. Even in fairy tales, the theme lives on in "Jack and the Beanstalk." And, today, in the heart of San Jose, another David-and-Goliath scenario has arisen between the Camera Theaters and the mainstream Cinemas. But this time, the hurdle is daunting. Can the Camera Theaters overcome this giant, or are the challenges too numerous and too great? There is, of course, one main obstacle for the Camera Theaters to overcome if they are to survive: they must draw more teens. Why are teenagers so important to the movie industry? When it comes to making money in the movie industry, it is statistically proven that the largest profit contributors are 16-20 year old males. While the art films in downtown San Jose draw educated, sophisticated 35 year-old audiences, they have not drawn the young moviegoers. This, in a nutshell, is the challenge the Camera Theaters must break in order to survive the tightening grip of the merciless cinemas. However, we must recognize the multiple pieces that makeup the nutshell before we can crack it. To determine what the Camera Theaters need to do in order to overcome the lack of teenagers it draws, the writer took an unofficial poll that has laid out the biggest reasons for the lack of interest among teenagers. The poll taken showed that 60% of Prospect High School students have never been to either of the Camera Theaters, thus confirming the hypothesis that the theaters need to draw teens through their doors. But the poll went further: it also showed that 40% of students had never even heard of the Camera Theaters. Therein lies problem number one in drawing teens: lack of publicity. For the Camera Theaters to survive they must find a way to gain publicity. In 1993, when it seemed like the Cameras were going to close, twelve art film theater owners wrote letters of support and thirteen newspaper editorials were written on the situation.

Background and Politics in John Milton`s Paradise Lost

Milton has dramatic vision of God in history, re-creating the key stories of Scripture. Once an active participant in the political turmoil of seventeenth-century England, he now asserts in Paradise Lost â€Å"Eternal Providence† that transcends not only his contemporary England but also the sinful works of men in history. Milton finds the will of God, not in the reformation of the political world, but in the spiritual reformation of each individual. Thus he becomes a prophet, seeing the things invisible and proclaiming the values that are eternal.Recent critics have called attention to Milton's view of history reflected in his Paradise Lost. They tend to lay much emphasis on his political awareness to see spiritual aspects that underlie Milton's poetic imagination. Christopher Hill (1978), for example, stresses the importance of a historical approach to Milton's Paradise Lost. Hill connects Milton's ideas, or even his theology, to the political circumstances of seventeenth-ce ntury England.For Hill, it is astonishing if Paradise Lost is not about politics; he calls it â€Å"a different type of political action from those which have failed so lamentably† (67). It is true, that Milton's concern with political circumstances is an important element that enables him to perform his role as a prophet and to participate in the historical process with a prophetic vision of teaching and correcting his contemporaries. Paradise Lost is obviously political poem. The text conceals the historical traces of its own composition so skilfully that readers are likely to forget its political significance.While Paradise Lost was evidently composed over the long period before and after the Restoration, it saw new political problems in post-revolutionary society. Among Milton's three major poems, the brief epic thus addressed itself most specifically to the Restoration audience. The purpose of this paper is to historicise Paradise Lost as a Restoration poem in order to p ropose a new political way of reading the epic. No English writer dealt more directly with Eden lost and redeemed than John Milton, and this work analyses his uses of Paradise to express his ambivalence about empire.After the establishment of Puritan Massachusetts in 1630, British colonial energies (and Milton's) were absorbed by internal conflicts through the civil wars of the 1640s and into the Interregnum of the 1650s—an introversion brought to an end by Oliver Cromwell in 1654—1656 with his unilateral Western Design against Spanish America. However much Paradise Lost (1667) reveals Milton's double-mindedness about such designs, there can be little doubt that the highwater mark of Miltonic anti-imperialism is found in Paradise Regain'd (1671).It is in this brief epic that heroism is most fully reimagined along Augustinian and humanist lines. Here Jesus, Christendom's moral model, rejects first the temptations of patriotic conquest and, beyond these, the temptations of universal virtue. Therefore, Milton's poetic message is for his contemporary England. Even though Milton as a poet-prophet does not ignore the situations in which he is placed, the message he delivers in Paradise Lost contains a spiritual meaning that transcends the political and temporal world of his time.A similarity between Milton and Isaiah can be found in their pursuit of the timeless truth that God is our salvation. Isaiah foresees that truth in the future history of Israel, while Milton sees it in Adam's historical preview, which is also a historical review for Milton. With regard to Isaiah's prophetic vision, Hobart Freeman argues that â€Å"Not every prophecy needs to be traced to a definite contemporary historical situation, nor directly applicable to the generation to whom it is spoken.†If we apply this to Milton's poetic work, Milton â€Å"speaks from an ideal, future standpoint as if it were the present or past† (166). Milton clearly demonstrates his ro le as prophet in the last two books of Paradise Lost by immersing himself in future events in order to allow Adam a vision of the restoration of man from his fallen state. Paradise Lost deals with God's handling of human affairs in history, and out of that context, delivers the spiritual message to the individual man. The first is the revelation of divine truth, the second the illumination of the mind.Milton presents in Paradise Lost two important aspects of God's purpose: first, God's macrocosmic purpose in history, and second, His microcosmic purpose in each individual soul. These two elements, historical and spiritual, are essential components of the poem. Milton in his writings shares the fundamental outlook that traces its roots to the ideology of holy war. In the case of the Civil Wars, this occurrence is only natural considering the extent to which the Civil Wars were looked upon as holy wars both by those who upheld in battle the cause of God against the king and by those wh o inculcated holy war ideology into the warriors.It is no accident that the War in Heaven is conceived as a civil or â€Å"Intestine War† (6. 259). In this sense, Abdiel, that most outspoken of nonconformists, refers ironically to himself as a â€Å"dissenter† and to the host of God as â€Å"sectarians† (6. 145-47). Milton saw no contradiction in the fact that as one who supported the rebellion against God's so-called vicegerent on earth, he could write an epic portraying the evils of rebelling against God's true â€Å"Vice-gerent† in Heaven (5. 609).Milton's celestial battle transcended the conflicts of Milton's own time and expressed the larger conceptions of holy war, conceptions that are both cosmic and apocalyptic. The historical orientation of Paradise Lost in the political context of Restoration society requires a juxtaposition of the brief epic not so much with Milton's political pamphlets before the Restoration, like Eikonoklastes (1649) or The R eadie and Easie Way (1660). Paradise Lost is historically in closer proximity to Of True Religion than to any other polemical piece of the author.With all their generic differences, the two works, sharing the plain style peculiar to the Restoration Milton, were published in a crucial period before and after the Declaration of Indulgence in 1672, when Restoration society was groping for a new direction after the lapse of the Clarendon Code which had imposed public regulations on the matter of private faith. Paradise Lost appeared when Milton's contemporaries were eager to settle the developing issue of the relationship between the public and private spheres in Restoration society.And should I at your harmless innocence Melt, as I do, yet public reason just, Honor and empire with revenge enlarged By conquering this new world, compels me now To do what else though damned I would abhor. —Satan, John Milton, Paradise Lost 4. 388—92 Whoever fights monsters should see to it t hat in the process he does not become a monster. —Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil 4. 146 In October 1568, 114 English seamen, their ship badly damaged by a battle in the Gulf of Mexico, voluntarily stranded themselves on the coast of the Yucatan peninsula.They stepped ashore into what would become forthe British one of their most luridly imagined hells: a howling tropical jungle, steaming with disease, crawling with exotic vermin, peopled with fierce tribesmen, and, worst of all, governed by Spaniards. Fifteen years later one survivor, Miles Philips, landed back in England alone, bearing on his body the marks of chains, the rack, and the lash, and bearing in his mind the kind of stories that haunt the hearer's sleep. These stories, which further blackened the already â€Å"Black Legend† of Spain, he recorded for Richard Hakluyt, who included them in his 1589 Principal Navigations (9:398—445).We cannot adequately understand the British Empire or its lit erary productions unless we see them in the tremendous Spanish shadow that loomed so large at the empire's birth. Paradoxically, Spain's empire very nearly made British expansion impossible, and yet it created conditions that made British imperialism feasible. Furthermore, Spanish threats made English colonization seem materially necessary; and above all, Spanish atrocity made the English response seem—to most Protestant imaginations, at least—spiritually righteous.Indeed, Spain menaced the English Protestant imagination far longer than it menaced the English nation. As a case in point, this work examines one of the enduring literary fruits: that encyclopedic piece of Protestant imagining known as Paradise Lost. Composing 150 years after Las Casas first compared the conquistadors to demons, and nearly a century after the last serious Spanish threat to English interests, John Milton nevertheless chose to compare his Prince of Darkness to a conquistador. Throughout his e pic, Milton amplifies Satan's audacity and atrocity with frequent, implicit parallels to Cortes's conquest of Mexico.These Spanish inflections afforded Milton special means to demonize the Devil. They also suggest the degree to which the British were able to transmute their own daunting imperial liabilities into ideological advantages and virtues. Many parallels between the Satanic and Iberian enterprises in Paradise Lost involve basic matters of setting and plot. David Quint has looked for analogues mainly to Portugal and the East, demonstrating that Satan's voyage in books 2 and 3 parodies Vasco da Gama's discovery of the sea route to India, as rendered by Luis de Canoens in Os Lusiadas.But Milton's allusions to Spain's western discoveries are equally suggestive. These begin with Satan's commission in Pandemonium. Speaking under the Vatican-like dome of Hell's capital, his lieutenant Beelzebub climaxes the hellish consult by proposing the â€Å"easier enterprise† (2. 345) o f an attack on the â€Å"happy isle† (2. 410) of this â€Å"new world† (2. 403). †¦ here perhaps Some advantageous act may be achiev'd By sudden onset: either with Hell fire To waste his whole Creation, or possess All as our own, and drive as we were driven, The puny habitants, or if not drive, Seduce them to our Party †¦ (2. 362—68) Beelzebub envisions a kind of geopolitical coup, one that we can recognize as analogous to Spain's American outflanking of its Islamic and Christian rivals at the end of the fifteenth century (Hodgkins 66). Also, while Satan the navigator may resemble da Gama and Columbus, as a traveler he is even more like the wily Cortes. There is more at work in Satan's successful voyage than mariner's luck, skill, and perseverance; there is also, most essentially, interpersonal guile.In his crucial negotiations at the frontiers guarded by Sin, Death, and Chaos in book 2, Satan seems less like Columbus the earnestly persistent and more like Cortes the trickster. First of all, both Satan and Cortes opportunistically stoke the fires of resentment and dissension. Cortes's chaplain, Gomara, writes that, upon reaching the Mexican coast, Cortes found Montezuma's outlying imperial vassals ripe for rebellion and sought their aid and direction. The Indians of Cempoala and of Tlaxcala further inland were â€Å"not well affected to Mutezuma, but readie, as farre as they durst, to entertayne all occasions of warre with him† (Purchas 15. 509).Similarly, in Paradise Lost, Sin and Chaos, while nominally subject to God â€Å"th' Ethereal King† (2. 978), willingly receive Satan's flattering promises that his mission will yield rich booty and restore their rightful power and sovereignty over the realms lately possessed by the divine Emperor. â€Å"[I] shall soon return, † Satan assures his daughter and lover, Sin, â€Å"And bring ye to the place where Thou and Death †¦ shall be fed and fill'd / Immeasurab ly, all things shall be your prey† (2. 839—40, 843—44).Further on, Satan implores the personified Chaos to â€Å"direct my course, † for, he promises, Directed, no mean recompense it brings To your behoof, if I that Region lost, All usurpation thence expelled, reduce To her original darkness and your sway (2. 980—84). So Chaos blesses the venture and shows the way, and Satan wastes no time in launching out on the last leg of his journey to â€Å"this frail World† (2. 1030). After Satan's voyage and earthly landfall, Milton's reimagining of earth and Eden as an idealized western planting permeates the poem.Though he explicitly compares the â€Å"gentle gales† that â€Å"dispense / Native perfumes† to the exotic east of â€Å"Mozambic† and â€Å"Araby the blest† (4. 156—63 passim), aromatic breezes also announce the American shore: from Columbus's first scent of San Salvador and Hispaniola, to Michael Drayton' s Edenic Virginia and Andrew Marvell's imagined Bermudas, the west is also the land of spices (Knoppers 67). Yet Milton evokes not only pre-Columbian America's fragrant garden delights but also its golden and urban splendors.The conquistadors came west for treasure, and Satan has an eye for it as well—the â€Å"golden Chain† that Satan sees linking Earth to Heaven (2. 1051), the â€Å"potable gold† of Earth's rivers (3. 608), and especially the â€Å"vegetable gold† hanging from the Trees of Life and Knowledge (4. 218—20; 9. 575—78). Similarly, Cortes wonders at the Mexicans' â€Å"simplicitie† in undervaluing their abundant gold and touts it as a literally consumable elixir, telling Montezuma's emissary that â€Å"he and his fellowes had a disease of the heart, whereunto Gold was the best remedie† (Purchas 15. 507— 8).Similarly Satan, by claiming to have consumed the golden fruit, persuades innocent Eve in book 9 of its transformative powers (9. 568—612). However, when Satan first sees the Earth, Milton compares the view to a city, not to a garden, and the view is strikingly similar to the Spanish scout's first sight of the Mexican capital from the barren volcanic pass of Mount Popocatepetl, looking down on the cities glittering on Lake Texcoco. In Paradise Lost, the epic simile unfolds as Satan Looks down with wonder at the sudden view Of all the World at once.As when a Scout Through dark and desert ways with peril gone Obtains the brow of some high-climbing Hill, Which to his eye discovers unaware The goodly prospect of some foreign land First seen, or some renown'd Metropolis With glistering Spires and Pinnacles adorn'd, Which now the Rising Sun gilds with his beams (3. 542—44, 546—51). Likewise, in Gomara's words, Tenochtitlan and its sister cities were â€Å"an exceeding goodly sight. But when Cortes saw that beautiful thing, his joy was without comparison†¦. Whoeve r hath good eyesight might discern the gates of [Tenochtitlan].. . . These Towres [of the cities Coyoacan and Vizilopuchtli] are planted in the Lake, and are adorned with many Temples, which have many faire Towres, that doe beautifie exceedingly the Lake†¦. [and] many drawne Bridges built upon faire arches† (Purchas 15. 520—21, 522, 523). Even the roadways into Tenochtitlan and Eden are similarly convenient. Gomara writes that the Mexican capital was entered over â€Å"a faire calsey [causeway], upon which eight horsemenne may passe on ranke, and so directly straight as though it had been made by line† (Purchas 15.523). Likewise, Satan sees â€Å"A passage down to th' Earth, a passage wide† (3. 528). In terms of England's domestic affairs, Milton's return to poetry after 1660 was no mere quietism or withdrawal from politics, but rather, as Laura Lunger Knoppers has suggested, â€Å"a complex internalization of Puritan discipline that can carry on the Good Old Cause in the very theater of the Stuart monarchy. † Thus in Paradise Lost, Milton seeks to restore right reason with an eventual view to restoring right rule at home. In other words, his retreat is strategic.Similarly, beyond the domestic sphere, when Paradise Lost exploits colonial imagery so extensively so soon after the failure of Cromwell's â€Å"imperial republic, † Milton is not merely spiritualizing a language of defeated earthly hopes (Barnaby 56). Instead, he is practicing another kind of strategic retreat, engaging in what Blake aptly called â€Å"mental fight†Ã¢â‚¬â€stiffening the heart's sinews against all temporally and temporarily ascendant tyrannies, whether in the heart or at home or abroad. He is biding his time, the reader's time, the nation's time, serving by standing and waiting for Providence to show his hand.Like Cortes the conquistador, like the conquistadorial Satan, Milton knows that conquest, and reconquest, start with the sou l's invisible empire. And Milton never fully abandons his belief that war against flesh and blood has its place in the wars of the spirit. Works Cited Barnaby, Andrew. â€Å" `Another Rome in the West? ‘: Milton and the Imperial Republic, 1654—1670. † Milton Studies 30 (1990). Hill, Christopher. Milton and the English Revolution. New York, 1978. Hodgkins, Christopher. Reforming Empire: Protestant Colonialism and Conscience in British Literature.University of Missouri Press: Columbia, MO, 2002. King, James. An Introduction to the Old Testament Prophets. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977. Knoppers, Laura Lunger. Historicizing Milton: Spectacle, Power, and Poetry in Restoration England. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1994. Milton, John. Paradise Lost; Paradise Regained; Samson Agonistes. Collier Books: New York, 1962. Purchas, Samuel. Hakluytus Posthumus, or Purchas His Pilgrimes. 20 vols. Glasgow: James MacLehose and Sons, 1905—1907.

Global Warming And Its Effects On The World Essay

Among the issues plaguing our world such as global warming, pollution, deforestation, depletion of natural resources, increased emergence of pandemics and epidemics, loss of freshwater, and species extinction there exists one underlying cause, overpopulation. The human population has reached a record 7,467,374,326 people as of 11/27/2016, and is growing at an exponential rate (Current World Population). With the Earth’s number of occupants multiplying so rapidly, our need for resources escalates alongside it. According to Edward O. Wilson, a sociobiologist at Harvard University, â€Å"the planet can hold 10 billion people at the uppermost population limit.†(How Many People Can Earth Support?) Once we reach that threshold, then we will use what little remaining resources we possess and all die in a mass famine. If the human race keeps increasing at the projected amount, then metropolises like New York City will become the standard size for any city or town. There will n o longer be small towns out in the middle of nowhere because the landscape will have been stripped down and developed. This urbanization is becoming evident here in Gwinnett County as the roads and residential areas are becoming more and more crowded every year. The infrastructure does not support the growth of this magnitude. This overflooding of people is visible even in the communities that lie within the wake of urban encroachment. Throughout all the school systems in Georgia, Gwinnett county is the largestShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Global Warming On The World1235 Words   |  5 PagesThey may not be feeling the effects of global warming at the moment, but in time it will become a more widespread issue. The effects of global warming are hard to refute, and there is endless evidence of this growing problem in our world today. The continuation of global warming is a serious threat to everyone and everything on Earth. 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The Social Problem Of Child Abuse Essay - 1409 Words

In society there are a variety of social issues that shape and make the world the way it is today. These social problems can either affect the economy, humans, and neighborhood communities ranging from local or national. One social problem that has increased among humans today is child abuse. Child abuse is the physical mistreatment of a child by a parent or caregiver who is held responsible for a child at their time of care. It can be physical, sexual, or psychological. These forms of abuse can happen in many places, including the home, schools, or camps. Physical abuse is an abuse where someone intentionally seeks out to cause harm to another person. Physical abuse ranges from hitting, punching, kicking and in more serious situations results to burns or fractures. Sexual abuse is an undesired sexual behavior forced upon one without their consent. Sexual abuse can result from a child being touched improperly by an adult or possibly another child. 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Critical Analysis Of The Literary Underground Of The Old...

Critical Analysis of the Literary Underground of the Old Regime Robert Darnton wrote, â€Å"The literary underground of the old regime† with many goals in mind. He wanted to elucidate the history of literature or printed books as they are known today. Politics may also have motivated the author because he reveals the countercultural elements of the French Revolution. It is also clear from the book that the Enlightenment was not as it seems. Darnton did a remarkable job of combing out the hidden facets of the Enlightenment era; contrary to popular opinion, it was a dark time of censorship, elite domination of literature and radical underground expressionism. Analysis Present day readers presume that the Enlightenment era was a period of equality and intellectual liberty. They also acknowledge a countercultural element in which society rejected orthodox religion for a more personal faith. However, few contemporary audiences know about the struggles of Enlightenment writers. In fact, the book has attempted to show the contradictory nature of this period in history. One eventually realizes that it was not a homogeneous affair as many historians have portrayed it. The economic and socio-political climate of the day constrained would-be intellectuals from taking their place. Writers of the late 1700s did not engage in countercultural expression merely because of anti-establishment sentiment. Unavailable opportunities pushed authors into this corner. Grub Street thrived becauseShow MoreRelatedThe Underground Music Scene Reflect The Socio Political Situation Of Contemporary Iran?1493 Words   |  6 Pages ‘To what extent does the underground music scene reflect the socio-political situation of contemporary Iran?’ A review of literature A reoccurring observation made in literature focused on music in contemporary Iran, is the challenge music has faced since the Islamic revolution of 1979 and the subsequent establishment of a theocratic state . Ghazizadeh (2011) argued that music is one of the most controversial issues in Islam and so after the victory of the Islamic revolution, which promisedRead MoreLiterature and Politics the Impact of Dostoevsky9582 Words   |  39 PagesPolitical Apocalypse. A Study of Dostoevskys Grand Inquisitor, by Ellis Sandoz. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1971, Pp. xviii. 263. $13.50.* ostoevskys great novels have spawned a vast library of critical 1/literature, a library which extends well beyond traditional literary criticism to cover the range of disciplines dealing with the human condition: philosophy, theology, psychology and sociology in particular. In this effusion of comment the real Dostoevsky is often buried under anRead MoreA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 PagesA Critical Review of â€Å"The Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-On. Introduction: In Latin America, soccer is not a game; it is a way of life. It is mixed in with politics and nationalism. It defines social classes. How politically influential is soccer in Latin America? It is used by â€Å"various Latin American socio-economic elites in order to retard the acceleration of working class and popular discontent† (Bar-On 1997:1.8). Is itRead MoreCultural Analysis of North Korea Essay12722 Words   |  51 PagesCultural Analysis of North Korea Prepared by Group 4: Matthew Cordova Ruting Yuan Guoying Chen Chris Rosen Prepared for: Dr. Gerry Huybregts BUS 310 October 30, 2008 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.4 INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...6 NORTH KOREA HISTORY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7 GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦11 Figure 1 Geographic Map†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 ECONOMIC BACKGROUND†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..14 FigureRead MoreCritics of Novel 1984 by George Orwell14914 Words   |  60 Pagescaught, they believe that the love and loyalty they feel for each other can never be taken from them, even under the worst circumstances. Eventually, Winston and Julia confess to OBrien, whom they believe to be a member of the Brotherhood (an underground organization aimed at bringing down the Party), their hatred of the Party. OBrien welcomes them into the Brotherhood with an array of questions and arranges for Winston to be given a copy of the book, the undergrounds treasonous volume writtenRead MoreSantrock Edpsych Ch0218723 Words   |  75 PagesConfederation. I also wanted school based in the Froebel philosophy. Friedrich to incorporate play-based activities that would help Froebel, best known as the founder of kindergarten, them develop a deeper understanding of these believed that play is critical for healthy child develop- early Canadians. ment. Below, Debra explains how she incorporates the â€Å"As part of the unit, students were required to use Froebel methodology into her classroom instruction. their research findings to create a detailedRead MoreLenin13422 Words   |  54 Pagesbrain haemorrhage on 12 January 1886, when Vladimir was 16 years old.[11] Vladimir s behaviour became erratic and confrontational, and shortly thereafter he renounced his belief in God.[12] At the time, Vladimir s elder brother Aleksandr Sacha Ulyanov was studying biology at St. Petersburg University, in 1885 having been awarded a gold medal for his dissertation, after which he was elected onto the university s Scientific-Literary Society. Involved in political agitation against the absolute monarchyRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 PagesUniversity, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well res earched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster UniversityRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagesindividuals, all different? And the diversity of it, the chaos! The clatter of clogs in the Lancashire mill towns, the to-and-fro of the lorries on the Great North Road, the queues outside the Labour Exchanges, the rattle of pin-tables in the Soho pubs, the old maids hiking to Holy Communion through the mists of the autumn morning – all these are not only fragments, but characteristic fragments, of the English scene. How can one make a pattern out of this muddle? But talk to foreigners, read foreign booksRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. 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Working and Going to School Free Essays

Working, parenting, and going to school are tough Is it possible to accomplish my goals and still meet everyday responsibilities? Working a full-time job, being a single parent, and going to college are emotionally draining. It’s stressful, frustrating, and hard to be positive at times when there are so many demands on time. Goals can be accomplished and still meet everyday responsibilities. We will write a custom essay sample on Working and Going to School or any similar topic only for you Order Now Working, parenting, and going to school are tough. Working a full time job is demanding. Getting up early and working late is physically draining. Day to day responsibilities need to be met which adds stress. My job is physically demanding on a daily basis. I work in the service field where I work outside everyday in any kind of weather. Heavy lifting, climbing, completing the job at hand, all the while praying I go home safe and in one piece at the end of the day. â€Å"I was waiting tables, going nowhere,† said Lynch, 32, and a single mother of one. â€Å"I was in a rut for a long, long time. †(Brindley, 2006) Those statements made me think about what I’m doing to change my life for the better. A one income household requires that I drag my behind out of bed on a daily basis and do my job to the best of my ability in order to pay the bills. I’m a single parent of a 15 year old daughter whom I love very much. Being a single parent isn’t easy. The sole responsibility of a raising a child to be responsible and disciplined is entirely up to the single parent. I talk with my daughter on a regular basis about my assignments and what my grades are in my courses. She cheers for me when I get excellent scores on tests. I need all the motivation I can possibly get. Recently, my daughter sprained her foot at school and has been on crutches for the past two weeks. I’ve made changes to my daily schedule to accommodate her needs. She is in a walking cast now but still stubborn and demanding. She is a typical teenager that plans activities with her friends and needs Mom to get her where she needs to go. School and grades are a constant struggle with her. I can’t get through to her know it all head that doing her homework and studying for tests are a must to get decent grades. I see that if I am going to be a positive role model, going back to school and succeeding in my courses. (Seastrand, 2007) When her grades are down she has no privileges. That’s when Mom gets a break! She’s not much fun to be around during these times either. Attending online college courses is mentally and physically demanding. Staying organized isn’t an easy task. Organization is the key to your success. If you have no idea what assignments are due, what appointments at work or school are up ahead you will get more stressed which will make your GPA plummet. Keep your home organized with your textbooks in one spot, your bills and mail in another spot, etc. Patience and priorities are a necessity. Take the time to stay organized and don’t procrastinate. (Comments on: How to Manage School While Working, 2005) I’m constantly kicking my daughter off of the computer in order to get assignments done. Deadlines for assignments don’t change but need to be broken down into tasks on a daily basis to meet the deadlines. Attending college courses is stressful. The decision to start taking college courses and working towards my B. A. in Accounting was easy. â€Å"How was I going to pay for my education? † I applied for grants and loans for this year. I had to wait several months before I did get my approval after starting my courses. I can breathe a little easier now but I still have several more years in order to finish my degree. I am in the midst of checking into scholarships which will greatly help the financial needs of school. Re-organizing my schedule in order to complete assignments and study is an on-going struggle. â€Å"Will I be successful in my college courses and get good grades? † I’m constantly working on this and praying for the best. Being a single college mother is a hard win/win situation and the long term effects are most important. (Seastrand, 2007) Being a good example to my daughter and getting good grades on work is my motivation to keep going. Organization, communication, patience, and priorities are necessities and the keys to success. (Comments on: How to Manage School While Working, 2005). Here is one statement that really struck me and I hope it helps other students also. Most importantly, always believe YOU CAN DO IT! Becoming more educated will change your life. In the famous words of someone whose name I have forgotten: â€Å"It is never too late to be who you were meant to become. † Good luck, I’m pulling for you! (Comments on: How to Manage School While Working, 2005) Another insight was not listening to people who say what your doing will be â€Å"too hard. † Keep pushing through and before you know it your degree requirements will be satisfied and your child will be clapping for you on graduation day. Go easy on yourself and keep things as simple as possible. Rely on friends and family if need be. (Seastrand, 2007). Working a full time job, being a single parent, and going to college are all very stressful but goals can be accomplished with organization and patience. References Brindley, M. (2006, November). Going back to college made easier for single parents hoping to improve their lives. Comments on: How to Manage School While Working (2005, 22 November). Seastrand, A. , (2007, April). What’s a Mom to Do? College Mom Magazine How to cite Working and Going to School, Papers

Business Operations Strategies

Question: Discuss about the Business Operations Strategies. Answer: Introduction Every business has a responsibility of ensuring that its customers are fully satisfied with its products or services. This is the real driver for customer loyalty in the business. If customers are fully satisfied, they remain customers to the business. If not fully satisfied, they are lost to competitors who offer better services in a very short period (Leinbach-Reyhle, 2016). Satisfaction will raise the number of customers through the word-of-mouth by the satisfied customers (Thompson, 2015).Coles being facing stiff competition from Woolworth- the largest supermarket chain, is determined to introduce new products and services that would make it more competitive. The sentiments of consumers are constantly changing, and the options available to consumers are many (Carter, 2016). From the information available in the internet, Coles noted how the number of customers to Woolworth rose after the introduction of the policy selling business. It is not however defined the extent to which Wo olworth will go into providing such services. Coles is, therefore, getting into a better position after the introduction of the financial service business. It is becoming unique from its competitors by introducing products with high demand (Ranade, 2012). This research will establish the reason for retaining customers in business. I.e. the things that make them stay loyal. Literature Review Coles is the second largest Australian supermarket chain which is owned by Wesfarmers. It is more than a decade since the selling of financial services by UKs grocery store and elsewhere begun. Although the local banking market proofed tough to break into, Macquarie the investment bank estimated that established banks would lose revenue amounting to billions of dollars to such a service. It was in the year 2010 when the push of Coles to financial service begun. The first service to be offered was the car insurance policies which had more than 350,000 customers in 2014. In May the same year expanded its services and started offering life insurance policies. Rob Scott, the finance director of Coles, accredited of the fast growth of technology. He noted that more focus on how their physical store could be used, would be the current issue if the financial services operation were started up 15 years ago (Jones, 2014). He also noted that their customers were proposing to base their transac tions through a digital process where they could use their phones and tablets. It was on July 15th 2014 when Coles made an announcement of its plans to expand its operations into an industry of financial services. In other words, its aim was to become a bank of its customers. Since 2010, Coles had already issued 400,000 credit cards. In 2014, it entered into a joint venture with the General Electric's (GE) Capital. The goal of the venture was to ensure that financial services of a wide range were accessible to the consumers by 2015. I.e. loans. There would be additional rewards that were to be offered by Coles to its banking customers. These included discounted groceries. The venture was on a 50-50 basis and was subjected to regulatory approval (Jones, 2014). The initial offers were, loans, mobile wallets and credit cards that were Coles-branded. The banking operation had been practiced by Tesco and Sainsbury since 1997. It is therefore from the playbook of UK supermarkets where this initiative originated. This idea was borrowed by both Coles and Woolworth supermarkets. Their leaders were noted to have spent some time in the UK where they found this initiative. John Durkan who was Coles new boss had spent 17 years in the Safeway of UK outfit, while Tjeerd Jegen who was the chief of Woolies had spent time with Tesco (Wenlei, 2014). Matt Levey, the choice director of campaigns, told news.com.au that the expansion into finance by Coles was a good thing for consumers and that it would yield many benefits. This is by shaking up the four large players in the banking markets. The main reason possibly why Coles invested in financial services is because of competing with Woolworth its biggest rival. The launching of the pet and life policies by Woolworth in 2011, and later expanding to home and travel policies enabled it to add more t han 125,000 customers by the end of 2014. The main aim is to make the products good enough to be attractive to customers. Since rewards program is attached to supermarket products, households would be more easily be influenced to choose the products. Jon Church who was the spokesman of Coles said that the core business of Coles was retail and predominantly a food retailer. It is around that the buildup of the other elements has occurred as a result of bringing value and choice to the customers (Wenlei, 2014). Jon noted that the growth of Coles business is determined by the customers; that they dont sell if the customers fail to buy. Coles financial services combine shopping with the Coles credit cards and loyalty programs (flybuys) (Simes and OMahony, 2015). The key insights of this combination include; Coles mobile strategy important part is the provision of integrated services by combining shopping experience with Coles credit cards and loyalty programs (flybuys) (Leinbach-Reyhle, 2016). The use of loyalty programs and cus tomer engagement has increased as a result of this combination (Levine, 2015). The fun of shopping experience is raised by the fact that customers earn points while they shop using their credit cards (creditcardfinder.com, 2012). The latest flybuys offers can be checked by the customers by using mobile apps which raise their engagement per the loyalty system. Coles revenues according to Mr. Scott, was predicted to be heavily impacted during the first year after venturing with the GE Capital Australia. But the main aim of introducing these products was to promote spending and customers loyalty (PR Loyalty Solutions, 2012). The spending on Coles increases when the customers obtain products of financial services with Coles. The prediction of Rob Scott was that before long, Coles would be offering its financial services to a million customers. However, the proportion of revenue contributed by the financial business of the grocery chain is small. This is despite the growth experienced over the years in this sector. The target for Coles financial service business has not yet been disclosed, but it was noted that increment on the number of their customers was their priority. Objectives and Research Questions General Objectives To determine the relationship that exists between credit card and customer loyalty of Coles supermarket and its impact on Australian revenue. Specific Objectives To determine how the loyalty of Coles customers was impacted by its introduction of the credit cards. To find out why financial services offered by supermarkets are more attractive to households than those in the banking market. To recognize the advantages the customers have when they use credit cards instead of direct cash payments. To establish the reason why Coles decided to invest in financial services. To determine the proportion of revenue contributed by the financial business of the grocery chains. Research Questions How did the introduction of credit cards impact the loyalty of Coles supermarket customers? What are the possible reasons that would make households more attracted to financial services offered by supermarkets rather than those offered by other large players in the banking market? What will be the advantages of using the credit cards over the regular payment system? Is profitability the reason why Coles supermarket decided to invest in financial services? Does the financial business have a significant contribution to revenue of the grocery chains? Research Methodologies and Techniques The collection of data for this research will be easier and cheap since no much traveling will be required. It will only require an interview with the Coles supermarket management team to provide the required information. A thousand customers will be taken as a sample and observation be done on their purchasing method. Of the 1000 customers observed randomly, the number of those using credit cards will be recorded. Since this financial business has only been in operation for a short period, monthly data will be used for the analysis. There will be the testing of hypothesis to test whether the introduction of the credit card has raised the customers loyalty. Both the null and alternative hypothesis will be tested. HO: The introduction of credit cards did not raise customers loyalty HA: The introduction of credit cards raise the customers loyalty The decision criterion will be such that, if the null hypothesis is rejected, so we shall fail to reject the alternative hypothesis, it shall be concluded that the introduction of the credit cards raised the customers loyalty. Description of the Research Process The first step to carrying out this research will be to write a project proposal. The proposal will consist the title of the project. The research questions that will consist of the opportunities identified will be drawn to guide the whole research process. Literature review on the identified topic will be obtained from the secondary sources. From the general objective of the study, there will be drawn some other specific objectives which will be in line with the research questions. The methodology and techniques provided in the research proposal will be applicable for the actual project. Data will be collected, analyzed, and various conclusions will be drawn. Recommendations will be provided. Description of Data Collection and Analysis Methods The data to be collected in this research will be both quantitative and qualitative. Primary data will be gathered in the supermarket itself through the method of observation. The data will be a qualitative data to help in the determination of the satisfaction level of the customers. A high number of credit card users will be an indicator that customers loyalty is high at Coles. A simple interview question can be asked to those customers who dont use credit cards - do you have a credit card? This will help in the comparison of the number of credit cards issued and those that remain in use. I.e., some are never used after they are issued. Secondary data will be obtained from Coles management. Data to be collected will include; the change in the number of customers who use credit cards every month and the increase in the number of customers to the supermarket every month, whether a credit or non-credit user. The data on revenue contribution will be obtained from the revenue authority website. A regression analysis will be carried out to proof whether the increased customers loyalty will contribute to the lower proportion of the revenue contribution of the grocery chains. It will also be used to confirm whether the introduction of the credit cards has raised the number of customers. Description of Expected Research Outcomes This research will establish that in deed the credit cards will raise the loyalty of Coles supermarket. The proof of increased number of the users of the credit cards will confirm the words said by Mr. Scott that before long, Coles supermarket will be having a million customers enjoying their offerings. In the consideration of the revenues contribution by financial businesses that were established earlier in the UK, and whose development has been recorded over the years, Coles supermarket contribution of the grocery chains is expected to be small. For instance, the contribution of Tesco to roughly 2% of the overall UK revenue (Jones, 2014). The banking income of Sainsbury's accounted for almost 1% of its overall revenue. The research will, therefore, confirm that Coles goal is not actually to raise more revenue, but to bring value to its customers- value brings loyalty to business (Ranade, 2012). Achievement of a significant customers loyalty positions a business at a competitive advantage level. This research will, therefore, pose a challenge to the other lower level supermarket chains to come up with unique products that will attract more customers to their business. The competition for customers loyalty will result in increased social welfare as quality products and services will be provided to the customers. References Carter, B. (2016). Customer Loyalty Statistics: 2016 Edition. [Online] Blog.accessdevelopment.com. Available at: https://blog.accessdevelopment.com/customer-loyalty-statistics-2016-edition [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. Creditcardfinder.com. (2012). Coles Platinum Rewards MasterCard| Credit Card Finder. [Online] Available at: https://www.creditcardfinder.com.au/coles-platinum-mastercard.html [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Jones, D. (2014). Coles steps up bank competition. [Online] Theaustralian.com.au. Available at: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/business-spectator/coles-steps-up-bank-competition/news-story/35c6815d236748e9ad03be7f344523c6 [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016]. Leinbach-Reyhle, N. (2016). Forbes Welcome. [Online] Forbes.com. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicoleleinbachreyhle/2016/04/20/customer-loyalty-in-todays-modern-retail-world/#34dbbf583008 [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. Levine, M. (2015). The ALDI effect: Australias changing supermarket scene. [Online] Roy Morgan. Available at: https://www.roymorgan.com/findings/6297-aldi-effect-australias-changing-supermarket-scene-201506220132 [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016]. PR Loyalty Solutions. (2012). What is Customer Loyalty?. [Online] Available at: https://prloyaltymarketing.com/customer-loyalty/what-is-customer-loyalty/ [Accessed 9 Aug. 2016]. Ranade, K. (2012). Customer Loyalty - What is it? How Can You Measure and Manage It? - Loyalty Research Center. [Online] Loyalty Research Center. Available at: https://www.loyaltyresearch.com/insights/customer-loyalty-what-is-it-how-can-you-measure-and-manage-it/ [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016]. Simes, R. and OMahony, J. (2015). Mobile nation - impacts of mobile technologies on retail industry | Deloitte Australia | Deloitte Access Economics. [Online] Deloitte Australia. Available at: https://www2.deloitte.com/au/en/pages/media-releases/articles/mobile-nation-impacts-of-mobile-technologies-on-retail-industry-020715.html [Accessed 7 Aug. 2016]. Thompson, D. (2015). 3 Ways to Increase Customer Loyalty. [Online] Entrepreneur. Available at: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/244138 [Accessed 8 Aug. 2016]. Wenlei, (2014). How supermarkets have taken over your life. [Online] NewsComAu. Available at: https://www.news.com.au/finance/business/retail/woolworths-and-coles-have-taken-over-australians-lives/news-story/344d02196373c4f960a0d0014613ac1c [Accessed 6 Aug. 2016].